New forms of collaboration are changing the innovation landscape. An extension of the concept of the technological innovation system is required in order to fulfill its ambition to map all the actors, institutions and processes that are essential to the development and diffusion of technological innovation. With the increase of platform-mediated collaboration, civil society becomes an essential element in addition to the classical subsystems university, industry and government and complements their innovation system functions.
The joint production of knowledge in decentralized networks requires not only new capabilities of the actors and different business models, but also novel innovation governance approaches and specific regulatory framework conditions. Open platforms restructure the work organization. As technical and social infrastructures for decentralized production, open workshops become pivotal for the interconnection, exchange and coordination of open development processes for new products and technologies.

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